- [[functional properties of neural value signals]], [[common currency hypothesis]], [[value-based decision making]], [[alternatives to valuation in decision making]], [[value normalization]] # Idea The core brain valuation system consists of the [[ventromedial prefrontal cortex]], [[ventral striatum]], and [[posterior cingulate cortex]]. This system represents value signals that serve as inputs into the decision process, enabling organisms to choose actions yielding outcomes that maximize expected gains. The valuation system can be divided into two subsystems [[Lopez-Persem 2020 Four core properties of the human brain valuation system|(Lopez-Persem, 2020)]]: - the [[orbitofrontal cortex]] system: [[ventromedial prefrontal cortex]] and [[lateral orbitofronal cortex]] - the hippocampal system: [[parahippocampal cortex PHC]] and [[hippocampus]] ![[Lopez-Persem 2020 Four core properties of the human brain valuation system#Emergence of value signals in the brain valuation system]] ## vmPFC/OFC system The [[lateral orbitofronal cortex]] is thought to encode decision attributes/features, whereas the [[ventromedial prefrontal cortex]] encodes an integrated subjective value signal [[Suzuki 2017 food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex|(Suzuki et al., 2017)]]. ## Hippocampal system The [[hippocampus]] contributes to valuation by helping to replay and imagine what the possible outcomes would be like. ## Other regions Other regions have also been shown to encode value signals: [[amygdala]], [[dorsomedial prefrontal cortex dmPFC]], [[anterior cingulate cortex]], [[insula]], [[dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dlPFC]], [[posterior parietal cortex]]. [[Suzuki 2017 food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex]] ![[Pasted image 66.png]] Even the V1 encoded decision features [[Suzuki 2017 food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex]] ![[Pasted image 67.png]] # References - [[Lopez-Persem 2020 Four core properties of the human brain valuation system]] - [[Loewenstein 2008 Neuroeconomics]] - [[Rangel 2008 A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making]] - [[Suzuki 2017 food valuation in the human orbitofrontal cortex]] # Figures - [[time-frequency power]] is similar between the vmPFC and lOFC, and between the HC and PHC [[Lopez-Persem 2020 Four core properties of the human brain valuation system]] ![[Pasted image 57.png]]