- [[dual-systems models of control]], [[system 1 thinking]], [[system 2 thinking]], [[perfect-alignment dual-process view]] # Idea Dual-process models postulate the existence of two *qualitatively* different thought processes, one [[intuitive thinking style|intuitive]] and one [[analytic thinking style|deliberative]]. They argue that there is a qualitative difference between intuitive and deliberate processing. They refer to a class of psychological models in which two processes—[[system 1 thinking|type 1 processes]] and [[system 2 thinking|type 2 processes]]—with *qualitatively* different properties compete to determine the outcome of a computation. The exact processes vary across models/theories. It is a special case of [[multiple-process models]], which are contrasted with [[single-process models]]. Many versions of dual-process models: - [[System 1 and System 2]], deliberative vs affective - automatic vs controlled ## Defining features intuitive and deliberative processes - [[deliberative processes engage working memory]] - [[deliberative processes engage cognitive decoupling and mental simulation]] - [[intuitive processes are autonomous]] Other features that co-vary (see [[De Neys 2021 on dual- and single-process models of thinking|De Neys 2021]]) ![[Pasted image 20210404165403.png]] ## Evidence for dual-process models People often hold [[contradictory beliefs]] and the [[the observation of simultaneously held contradictory beliefs supports dual-process models]]. # References - [[Rangel 2008 A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making]]